Cardiac autonomic imbalance by social stress in rodents: understanding putative biomarkers
نویسنده
چکیده
Exposure to stress or traumatic events can lead to the development of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition to the debilitating consequences on mental health, patients with psychiatric disorders also suffer from autonomic imbalance, making them susceptible to a variety of medical disorders. Emerging evidence utilizing spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), a reliable non-invasive measure of cardiovascular autonomic regulation, indicates that patients with depression and various anxiety disorders (i.e., panic, social, generalized anxiety disorders, and post traumatic stress disorder) are characterized by decreased HRV. Social stressors in rodents are ethologically relevant experimental stressors that recapitulate many of the dysfunctional behavioral and physiological changes that occur in psychological disorders. In this review, evidence from clinical studies and preclinical stress models identify putative biomarkers capable of precipitating the comorbidity between disorders of the mind and autonomic dysfunction. Specifically, the role of corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y and inflammation are investigated. The impetus for this review is to highlight stress-related biomarkers that may prove critical in the development of autonomic imbalance in stress -related psychiatric disorders.
منابع مشابه
Carotid Body Ablation Abrogates Hypertension and Autonomic Alterations Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the main feature of obstructive sleep apnea, enhances carotid body (CB) chemosensory responses to hypoxia and produces autonomic dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension. We tested whether autonomic alterations, arrhythmogenesis, and the progression of hypertension induced by CIH depend on the enhanced CB chemosensory drive, by ablation of the CB ch...
متن کاملSertraline alters level of adenosine deaminase activity, oxidative stress markers and cardiac biomarkers (homocysteine cardiac troponin I) in rats
The aim of this study is whether oxidative stress markers, homocysteine (Hcy), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) alter following administration of different doses of sertraline. Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups. Sertraline at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg / kg / day) were administered to three groups through gastric gavage for 90 days. The ...
متن کاملCardiac-Autonomic Imbalance and Baroreflex Dysfunction in the Renovascular Angiotensin-Dependent Hypertensive Mouse
Mouse models provide powerful tools for studying the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of the autonomic reflex control of cardiovascular function and those involved in cardiovascular diseases. The established murine model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) angiotensin II-dependent hypertension represents a useful tool for studying the neural control of cardiovascular function. In this paper, we...
متن کاملAutonomic regulation in muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic muscle diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure or conduction system abnormalities that cause arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death have been observed in muscular dystrophies. Despite the extensive research and ongoing clinical trials in muscular dystrophy to improve s...
متن کاملAtrial Fibrillation: The Science behind Its Defiance
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia in the world, due both to its tenacious treatment resistance, and to the tremendous number of risk factors that set the stage for the atria to fibrillate. Cardiopulmonary, behavioral, and psychological risk factors generate electrical and structural alterations of the atria that promote reentry and wavebreak. These culminate in fibrillat...
متن کامل